1	Plagiarism Stealing another persons “intellectual property” and passing it off as one’s own work. Usually illegal under copyright law. And when not technically illegal, it is certainly unethical.
2	Plagiarism cont. You must give credit when you use: Another person’s idea, opinion or theory Facts, statistics, graphs, drawings etc. which are not common knowledge Actual spoken or written words Paraphrase of spoken or written words
3	Plagiarism cont. Using a quotation If you use another person’s exact words, they must be rendered correctly You must use quotation marks around all the other person’s words you use You must make a proper bibliographic citation to the original source
4	Plagiarism cont. Acceptable paraphrase You must use your own words to describe what the other person has said or written You must make a proper bibliographic citation to the original source
5	Plagiarism cont. Unacceptable paraphrase When you change just a few words or phrases, or the order of the original author’s words When you fail to cite the original source of the ideas or facts
6	Proper Bibliographic Style Chicago Manual of Style Turabian MLA APA Other manuals
7	Copyright case study #1 You have a term paper due, and find a web site on your topic. There is no copyright notice, so you assume it is in “public domain” and you “cut and paste” large sections of it into your term paper.
8	Copyright case study #1 answer You are most likely in violation of copyright. The law applies automatically the moment something is in a “fixed” form, even a web page. If you fail to cite this source, you are guilty of plagiarism.
9	Copyright case study #2 You have a classroom presentation due and find a perfect illustration on the Web. You decide to download it and make a copy for each student in your class, with proper attribution, to accompany your presentation.
10	Copyright case study #2 answer You can do this legally under the “fair use” provision of the law, provided… You include notice of copyright in your attribution, whether the original has one or not.
11	Copyright case study #3 You are the director of a church choir. The church has limited funds, so you buy one copy of a choir piece and photocopy the rest needed for each member of the choir. You figure this is o.k. since it is for a “nonprofit” organization.
12	Copyright case study #3 answer This is a serious violation of copyright law, which forbids copying to avoid purchase. It is illegal and unethical. Doing it for a “nonprofit’ organization provides NO protection under the law. Possible solution: buy half the number of parts needed and have choir members share.
13	Copyright case study #4 Your teacher has collected all the articles you will need for your class, has them photocopied, and sells them to the class at $30 each. (cost to copy: $5).
14	Copyright case study #4 answer This breaks a couple of laws: First, it is illegal to create an anthology, unless permissions are secured for each article. Also, it is illegal to charge more than the actual cost of copying for classroom materials.
15	Copyright case study #5 One of your classmates writes a new play. You like the climactic scene and decide to alter it for presentation at a fraternity party. You figure since your classmate hasn’t published or registered the work it is o.k. You perform the scene at the party and your classmate finds out.
16	Copyright case study #5 answer You have violated several copyright laws: Even if the work is not published, nor registered, it is still protected under statutory law the moment it was “fixed” Even though your classmate has not suffered any financial loss, they could still sue you due to violation of artistic integrity (for art, music, poetry, plays etc.)
17	Copyright case study #5 answer cont. The scene you used might be considered the “heart of the work” Even if you had the right under “fair use” to make a copy of the text, the right to perform the play is a separate right. The right to create a “derivative work” (an arrangement) is also a separate right.
18	Copyright case study #6 You are very good with computers and also love the works of Ansel Adams. You search all over the Web and find many of AA’s photographs and a great deal of biographical information. You decide to create an AA web site with all the materials you find.
19	Copyright case study #6 answer Virtually all the written materials and illustrations are protected by copyright. Unless you make detailed attributions, you are guilty of plagiarism. Even though others have done it, you open yourself to legal action, because the web is an open, public forum, analogous to publishing.
20	Copyright case study #7 A person in charge of a departmental web-page “surfs the net” and finds some pages that look great. She decides to “borrow” a particularly good page, and uses that page as a template to create a new page.
21	Copyright case study #7 answer The overall design of a web-page (its unique combination of color, graphics, and text) is protected by copyright It all depends on how much the new page is like the original page, and if it can be perceived by an “average person” as being a copy
22	Copyright case study #8 A person finds a great web page consisting of links to other pages He decides to use several of the URLs in designing a new page of links He does not use any of the color, graphics, or text from the original page
23	Copyright case study #8 answer A URL is a “fact,” an “address to a location” and by itself is not copyrightable A compilation of URLs, on the other hand, may be unique and is protected by copyright The case depends on whether the new page contains the entire compilation, or just some of the same links Best just to link to the original page
24	Copyright case study #9 A professor mounts an electronic form of a copyrighted article from Newsweek® on his course website The site is protected by password and accessible only to members of the course
25	Copyright case study #9 answer A number of issues in “fair use” should be considered: Purpose = educational Nature = published, factual article Amount = the whole article or just part? Effect = Reduce potential market? Licensing agreement? Access?
26	Copyright case study #10 Similar scenario as #9, but this time a music professor mounts excepts of Beethoven piano sonatas on his course web site In addition to password protection, the site also uses “streaming” technology Beethoven’s music is in public domain
27	Copyright case study #10 answer Again consider “fair use” tests: Purpose = educational Nature = music, public domain? Amount = an entire piece or just part Effect = Reduce potential market? Licensing agreement? Access? Streaming?
28	Copyright case study #11 A doctoral student just wrote and defended a study on sleep deprivation A sleeping pill corporation wants to use large portions of the study, citing only “A recent study says …” The student hopes to publish the study and is concerned about loss of income and the integrity of its use by the company
29	Copyright case study #11 answer A judge and jury would use “fair use” tests: Purpose = commercial or research? Nature = factual, but unpublished? Amount = is the “large portion” the “heart of the work”? How much is too much? Effect = Reduce potential market? Citation? Scholarly integrity? Best to negotiate its use with the company
30	Thank you! For further good copyright information see: U.S. National Copyright Office Web site: http:// www.loc.gov/copyright/ The ALA Copyright web site: http://www.ala.org/washoff/copyright.html The IUPUI “Copyright Management Center” http://www.iupui.edu/~copyinfo/ Brad Templeton “10 Copyright Myths”: http://www.clari.net/brad/copymyths.html